Learn about high blood pressure symptoms, causes, complications, BP monitoring and lifestyle changes that can help manage hypertension.
High Blood Pressure Can Be Silent
High blood pressure, or hypertension, is one of the most common chronic health problems. A major challenge is that many people have no obvious symptoms even when their blood pressure remains elevated.
Over time, uncontrolled hypertension can increase the risk of cardiovascular and kidney problems.
What can cause high BP?
Factors associated with hypertension include:
- Family history
- Increasing age
- Excess body weight
- High dietary sodium intake
- Physical inactivity
- Tobacco use
- Excess alcohol consumption
- Poor sleep
- Certain medical conditions and medications
What symptoms can occur?
Most people with ordinary hypertension do not have specific symptoms.
Headache, dizziness or fatigue may occur for many reasons and should not automatically be attributed to blood pressure.
How should BP be checked?
Blood pressure should ideally be measured correctly, with appropriate cuff size and after a period of rest.
If readings repeatedly remain above the recommended range, consult a healthcare professional.
Lifestyle measures
Depending on your individual situation, your doctor may recommend:
- Reducing excess salt
- Regular physical activity
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Avoiding tobacco
- Limiting alcohol
- Eating a balanced diet
- Managing sleep and stress
- Taking prescribed medication consistently
The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare’s clinical-establishment resources include hypertension treatment guidance, emphasizing its importance in Indian primary care.
Emergency warning signs
Very high blood pressure accompanied by chest pain, severe breathlessness, neurological symptoms, severe headache, confusion or vision changes requires urgent medical assessment.
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